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Small Businesses Contribute to 81% of Tax Evasion Losses, NAO Report Reveals

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Small Businesses

A new report from the National Audit Office (NAO) has uncovered that small businesses are responsible for 81% of the £5.5 billion lost to deliberate tax evasion in the 2022-23 financial year. This comes despite the overall tax gap—the difference between tax owed and tax paid—falling from 7.4% in 2006 to 4.8% in the latest figures.

The report highlighted a sharp rise in the share of tax evasion attributed to small businesses, which has grown from 44% in 2018-19 to 60% in the most recent data. The NAO criticized HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) for failing to adopt a targeted approach to address the growing issue, particularly in the retail sector, where widespread tax evasion practices such as abuse of the insolvency process are prevalent.

One of the most significant abuses involves businesses folding to evade tax debts, only to re-emerge as new entities. This practice alone cost HMRC over £500 million in 2022-23, yet the Insolvency Service disqualified just seven directors for such abuses, out of more than 6,200 disqualified directors during the same period.

The report also called attention to “electronic sales suppression,” where businesses manipulate their sales records to underreport revenue using specialised software. While HMRC has the power to fine businesses up to £50,000 for using these tools, the NAO suggested that these powers are not being fully enforced.

Despite these criticisms, HMRC has seen some success in combating VAT evasion, particularly by making online marketplaces responsible for collecting VAT on behalf of overseas retailers. This measure has generated an additional £1.5 billion annually. However, the NAO warned that gaps remain, with some overseas companies falsely presenting themselves as UK-based to avoid VAT obligations, exploiting the ease of setting up companies in the UK.

Gareth Davies, head of the NAO, stressed that HMRC has not adequately focused on common methods of tax evasion among small businesses and called for more systematic efforts across government. “Although tax evasion has been growing among small businesses, HMRC has so far lacked an effective response,” said Davies. He emphasized the potential for tighter controls and more aggressive compliance measures to yield substantial revenue.

In response, an HMRC spokesperson highlighted the agency’s record £843.4 billion in tax revenues collected last year, noting that the UK has one of the world’s lowest tax gaps. “The vast majority of businesses pay the tax that’s due,” the spokesperson said. “We will continue to use our civil and criminal powers against the determined minority who refuse to play by the rules.”

HMRC plans to collaborate with other agencies, including the Insolvency Service and Companies House, to address the concerns raised in the report and reduce tax evasion in both the retail and online sectors.

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Whitbread Reports Profit Decline Amidst UK Market Challenges, Confident in Future Growth

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Whitbread, the FTSE 100 leisure group, has announced a 22% decline in pre-tax profits for the first half of the year, reflecting softer demand in the UK market. The company reported flat revenues of £1.57 billion for the six months ending August 29, with pre-tax profits dropping to £309 million. A notable factor in this downturn was a 7% decline in food and drink sales, attributed to a major restructuring of its restaurant operations.

Despite these challenges, Whitbread has reaffirmed its full-year guidance and remains optimistic about a potential recovery in the second half of the year. The company noted an increase in bookings for October and November, suggesting a rebound in consumer confidence.

As part of its growth strategy, Whitbread is focused on expanding its room capacity. The company plans to increase Premier Inn’s UK room count from 86,000 to 98,000 and double its presence in Germany from 10,500 to 20,000 rooms. To facilitate this expansion, Whitbread has accepted offers for 51 of the 126 restaurants it intends to sell. Additionally, plans are underway to convert 112 more restaurants into approximately 3,500 hotel rooms, with planning applications already submitted for a third of these new rooms.

The restructuring plan, which is expected to cost £500 million over the next four years, is reportedly “on track,” according to the company. Notably, Whitbread’s German operations have experienced a 21% revenue boost, driven by what the company describes as the “progressive maturity” of its hotel estate in that market.

Chief Executive Dominic Paul, who took the helm from Alison Brittain last year, expressed confidence in the company’s growth plans. “We are making excellent progress with our plans, and over the next five years, we are set to deliver a step change in our performance, which will fund significant returns to shareholders,” he stated. He emphasized a clear pathway for extending Whitbread’s market-leading position in the UK and capitalizing on favorable supply conditions.

As part of its commitment to returning value to shareholders, Whitbread has announced an interim dividend of 36.4p per share and a £100 million share buyback program. Founded in 1742 as a brewery by Samuel Whitbread, the company has undergone significant transformations over the years, selling its brewing business in 1999 and shifting its focus to hospitality. In 2019, Whitbread divested its Costa Coffee chain to Coca-Cola for £3.9 billion and has since expanded into the German market, which remains a crucial area for growth.

Following the announcement, Whitbread shares rose by 3.6%, or 111p, to £31.83, reflecting investor confidence in the company’s future prospects.

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Regulatory Reform Urged to Boost UK Investment and Green Initiatives

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At Sir Keir Starmer’s investment summit, former Google CEO Eric Schmidt called for the UK government to appoint a “minister of anti-regulation” to address what he views as regulatory barriers stifling innovation and investment. Schmidt’s remarks emphasize the urgent need for reform to help the UK achieve its green ambitions, particularly its target of reducing emissions by 68% by 2030 in line with the Paris Agreement.

Schmidt highlighted that regulatory delays are obstructing the nation’s decarbonisation efforts, warning that without prompt action, the UK risks failing to meet its environmental targets. His comments resonate with growing concerns among government officials regarding slow grid connections and bureaucratic hurdles that threaten the country’s plans for a net-zero power system by 2030.

Business Secretary Jonathan Reynolds echoed Schmidt’s sentiments, admitting that regulatory inefficiencies represent one of the most significant challenges facing the UK, especially in the renewable energy sector. Projects like offshore wind farms, he noted, can take more than a decade to secure approval, thereby impeding progress in achieving climate goals.

Chancellor Rachel Reeves also weighed in, criticizing the inadequacies of past water regulations, particularly in light of the ongoing crisis at Thames Water. She underscored the pressing need for substantial investment in infrastructure but insisted that any price increases for consumers should be directed toward improvements rather than enhancing shareholder profits.

Schmidt’s call for regulatory reform aligns with sentiments expressed by other industry leaders. Greg Jackson, CEO of Octopus Energy, has recently urged the government to lower barriers to the installation of heat pumps, a crucial component of the UK’s green energy transition. Jackson specifically criticized the requirement for planning permission for heat pumps, arguing that such regulatory obstacles deter potential customers and slow progress toward a more sustainable energy landscape.

The discussions at the summit highlight a growing consensus among business leaders and politicians alike regarding the need for a streamlined regulatory framework to facilitate investment and innovation in the UK’s renewable energy sector. As the government seeks to accelerate its decarbonisation efforts, the pressure is mounting to address these regulatory challenges to ensure the nation remains on track to meet its climate commitments.

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Report Calls for Doubling of Remote Gaming Duty to Address Gambling Harm and Fiscal Shortfall

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The Social Market Foundation (SMF) has released a report recommending a substantial increase in the Remote Gaming Duty from the current 21% to 42%. This proposed change could potentially generate up to £900 million for the UK Treasury, as the country grapples with a £22 billion fiscal shortfall.

The report, authored by Dr. James Noyes and Dr. Aveek Bhattacharya, highlights the increasing financial burden associated with online gambling, particularly in the realm of casino gaming, which has been linked to heightened rates of gambling-related harm. Fiscal costs associated with this issue are estimated to exceed £1 billion, prompting calls for a reevaluation of how the sector is taxed.

The authors argue that the online gambling sector is currently undertaxed compared to its counterparts in other countries, where operators face higher tax rates. They contend that the UK government has a significant opportunity to modernize its outdated tax system while addressing the social costs tied to gambling, including addiction and related health issues.

In recent years, the surge in online gambling, accelerated by the pandemic, has raised concerns about its impact on public health. Many experts believe that the current tax framework does not adequately reflect the economic and social implications of the industry. By increasing the Remote Gaming Duty, the government could not only bolster public finances but also invest in programs aimed at mitigating gambling-related harm.

The report emphasizes that the increased tax revenue could be earmarked for initiatives designed to support those affected by gambling addiction, funding education and treatment programs, and improving resources for gambling harm prevention.

Critics of the current tax structure argue that the existing rates do not align with the industry’s rapid growth, leading to a disconnect between the benefits enjoyed by operators and the social costs incurred by society. The SMF’s recommendations aim to bridge this gap by ensuring that the online gambling sector contributes its fair share to the economy while addressing the negative consequences of its activities.

As the government seeks to address its fiscal challenges, the SMF’s report may serve as a catalyst for discussions about reforming gambling taxation. With the potential to generate substantial revenue while prioritizing public health, the proposal could reshape the landscape of online gambling in the UK for years to come.

As stakeholders from various sectors weigh in on the report’s findings, the debate over how best to regulate and tax the online gambling industry is set to intensify, highlighting the complex interplay between economic opportunity and social responsibility.

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